Stop using the disk for anything. Then unmounted any file systems on the disk.
sudo umount ...
Deactivate any LVM groups.
sudo vgchange -an
Prevent disk damage with stop system using disk.
echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/block/{disk}/device/delete
Once you’ve done that, it should be safe to unplug SATA disk from running system.
echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/block/{disk}/device/rescan